Analysis of Morpho-Physiological and Anatomical Variations in Tomato Genotypes Under Different Concentrations of Different Effluents
Authors
ZOBIA ANWER, QURAT-UL-AIN, HANAN AHMAD, MUHAMMAD AMJAD and WAJEEHA KHAN
Abstract
Tomato (S. Lycopersicum L.) is most widely grown fruit or vegetable in the world, including Pakistan. Due to water dearth, farmers are irrigating their crops by alternate ways. The goal of this research to determine which concentration of which industrial effluents is good for tomato plant growth. In this research, the different effluents (Domestic, Oil and Textile industry) in different concentrations (Control, 25%, 50% and 75%) used to know the impact of effluents on growth of 5 genotypes (ROMA-VF, AGRO MART, Red TARA, SULTAN F1 and HERO 110) of S. Lycopersicum L. Meteorological study, water and soil analysis of the studied area was also done. Plant material was digested for determination of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, Cu, Cd, Ni, Hg and Pb) by wet digestion method. The growth of the plants stopped, their color became dull and the inner cells were damaged at high concentrations of all effluents. A study of morphology, anatomy and physiology concluded that 25% concentration of domestic and oil industry effluents are somewhat acceptable, but none of concentration of effluents of textile industry was good for growth. AGRO MART genotype showed the acceptable growth and survival phenomenon in polluted soil which irrigated by oil and textile industry effluents like Red TARA in domestic effluents treatments. HERO 110 genotypes showed the worst result as compared to all other genotypes. The extraction of chlorophyll contents is better by 80% acetone than water method. The growth of plants were declining, internal structure was being destroyed, the level of chlorophyll contents was decreasing, amount of heavy metals in the fruit was increasing along with increased concentrations.
Keywords: Effluents, Growth and yield, Heavy metals in tomato fruit, Soil properties, Tomato.