Antibacterial Potential of Beta Vulgaris, Spinacia Oleracea and Trigonella Foenum-Graecum against MDR Clinical Isolate of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi
Authors
SAMMAR SHAFIQUE, SYEDA ASMA BANO, AMBREEN AKHTAR SADDOZAI, AISHA BIBI and SADIA ALAM
Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of Trigonella foenum-graecum, Spinacia oleracea, and Beta vulgaris against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Medicinal plant extracts were prepared using methanol, aqueous, and ethyl acetate. Standard techniques were used for the phytochemical analysis. Mueller Hinton agar was used to detect the antibacterial activity of plants. Microdilution method were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a bioactive compound. The highest concentration of protein was observed in the leaf and seed portions of Beta vulgaris in methanol and ethyl acetate. The seed portion likewise contained the highest concentration of flavonoids. Beta vulgaris doesn't contain phytosterols. Trigonella faenum-gracum contains the largest concentrations of proteins, flavonoids, and saponins. Spinacia oleracia contained the highest concentrations of protein and flavonoids, but not phytosterols. Spinacia oleracia seeds in ethyl acetate showed high antibacterial activity i-e 10mm, 23mm, 30mm of inhibition zone while Spinacia oleracia leaves showed inhibition of 27mm, 17mm, 9mm against the selected pathogen. Trigonella foenum-graecum leaves in ethyl acetate and roots in methanol showed inhibition of 27mm, 20mm and 25mm, 22mm. Beta vulgaris roots in methanol show higher inhibition off 14mm, 18mm, 23mm while roots in ethyl acetate show inhibition of 15mm, 27mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Beta vulgaris roots in methanol and ethyl acetate were 7.4 and 7.6 ug/ml, Spinacia oleracea seeds and leaves had 7 ug/ml, 7.3 ug/ml, 4.7 ug/ml, and 5 ug/ml in ethyl acetate, and Trigonella foenum-graecum roots in methanol had a MIC of 5.8 ug/ml, while the MIC of leaves in ethyl acetate was 6.8 ug/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Beta vulgaris roots in methanol and ethyl acetate were 7.4 and 7.6 ug/ml, Spinacia oleracea seeds and leaves had 7 ug/ml, 7.3 ug/ml, 4.7 ug/ml, and 5 ug/ml in ethyl acetate, and Trigonella foenum-graecum roots in methanol had a MIC of 5.8 ug/ml, while the MIC of leaves in ethyl acetate was 6.8 ug/ml. GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of Beta vulgaris roots confirm the existence of 120 bioactive compounds and the most abundant was 2-PENTACOSANONE. Overall, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Beta vulgaris, and Spinacia oleracea harboured bioactive compounds that had strong antibacterial effect against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and can serve as wonderful source of alternative to antibiotics.
