Liquidity risk of Islamic banks is an essential part of risk management because Islamic banks have limited tools to manage liquidity risk due to avoidance of Riba. This study aims to investigate Firm-level factors and its impact on Liquidity risk of Islamic banking system of Pakistan. Firm-level factors are those internal or external factors which can influence the performance of a bank. Independent variables of the study include; non-performing loans, size of banks, capital adequacy ratio, assets management ratio & profitability ratio. The sample of the study comprises all five full-fledged Islamic banks with annual data ranging from 2010 to 2019, on the basis of the Purposive sampling technique. The panel diagnosis shows that random effect model is best to analyze the impact of firm-level factors on liquidity risk of Islamic banks. The empirical analysis suggested that all the explanatory variables were found significant with the dependent variable. Results further suggest that Size of bank, Non-performing loans, and assets management have an inverse relationship with liquidity risk of Islamic banks while Capital adequacy ratio and return on equity was found to have a positive relationship with liquidity risk. Additionally, it was observed that all the firm’s level factors have a significant relationship with liquidity risk; therefore, focus should be given to these factors to control the problems of liquidity risk management in Islamic banking system of Pakistan.

Keywords: Liquidity Risk, Non-Performing Loans, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Return on Equity, Assets Management, Firm’s Level Factors.

The present study investigates the effect of medium of instructions and compared the students’ achievement in English and Urdu medium schools. A quantitative research approach was used to achieve study objectives. The five years results of 1172 Urdu medium schools and 707 English Medium Schools were collected from Punjab Examination Commission gazettes of 5th and 8th through stratified sampling technique. The mean and independent sample t-test were calculated to find the difference between Urdu and English medium schools’ students and male and female students’ results of five year (2009-2013). The research findings reveal that the students of English medium schools performed higher at the lower elementary level than the students of Urdu medium schools. However, the students of Urdu medium schools showed better academic achievement at upper elementary level in Punjab.

Keywords: Students’ Achievement, Medium of Instruction, English-Urdu Schools, Punjab.

The current research aimed to study the job satisfaction and culture of organizational in school teachers. Sample consisted of 130 teachers (90 from private school and 40 from public schools) from different schools of Haripur. Denison organizational culture and Job Satisfaction Scale was used to measure job satisfaction and culture of organizational among teachers of public and private schools. The objectives of this study were to study job satisfaction and culture of organizational to establish scale-psychometric properties. The alpha coefficient for estimating the reliability of scale found out to be .87 organizational cultures and .75 for job satisfaction which is acceptable. The correlation values for all study variables are ranging from .48 to .83 for positive correlation and job satisfaction is negatively correlated with organizational culture and its traits ranging from -.22 to -.45. The results indicated that organizational culture is significant predictor of job satisfaction. Results also indicated that the genders difference on organizational culture is non-significant and job satisfaction significant. The difference is significant on education level of employees. The result showed significant difference on age of employees at job satisfaction. The result show significant difference on school size at organizational culture.

Keywords: Organizations, Culture, Job, Satisfaction, Haripur.

Dengue virus, transmitted principally by a mosquito (Aedes aegypti) is one of the most common vector borne viral infection in tropical and subtropical regions affecting more than 390 million people worldwide. Diagnosis of Dengue infection relies on serology which remains inconclusive in the early phase of the disease. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most sensitive and reliable method for the diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Purpose of this study was detection of Dengue virus by RT-PCR and its Dengue (Den) serotyping by multiplex PCR. This study was conducted at Dr. Rubina Ghani Pathological & Molecular Laboratories, Karachi, Pakistan. In this study, a total of 48 individuals with febrile illness were recruited. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Novac Tac, Germany) was done for the detection of dengue IgM in suspected Dengue cases. RT-PCR was carried out to confirm the presence of dengue virus. Dengue detected samples were further used for serotyping 1 through 4 using Dengue serotype–specific primers with slight modification. Out of 48 tested patients’ samples, 15 patients had Dengue IgM in their sera detected by ELISA while 35 samples were found positive by RT-PCR. While 13 samples were negative by both methods. In dengue virus patients who were positive by RT-PCR, all the four serotypes Den 1, Den 2, Den 3 and Den 4 were found in their samples. Comparing the results of both ELISA and RT-PCR, it was found that RT-PCR had greater sensitivity, specificity and reliability for the detection of Dengue virus. Serotyping of all positive samples was carried out and it was found that four serotypes Den 1, Den 2, Den 3 and Den 4 were identified in these individuals with high prevalence of Den 1 and Den 2 followed by Den 3 and Den 4.

Keywords: Dengue virus, RT-PCR, ELISA, Multiplex PCR.

The study aimed to critically analyze the objectives of incubation centers established in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Objectives not only serve as an indicator of an organization‘s future agenda of development but are also used as a milestone to analyze the performance of an organization. Thus, objectives are required to be precisely drafted. The study‘s population includes four incubation centers established in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa out of which three incubation centers were sampled by using convenient sampling. Objectives of incubation centers in the sample have been gathered through structured interviews by attaining required documents. The objectives were analyzed through SMART and Locke Goal Theory by developing an analytical framework/checklist. The results show that most drafted objectives of incubation centers in the sample are not able to satisfy the required minimum standards set as per strategic management criterion i.e. Smart and Locke Goal Theory.

Keywords: Business Incubation Centers, Strategic Objectives, S.M.A.R.T Objectives, Locke Goal Theory.