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Academy Publication
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Academy of IRMBR
Volume 11, July, 2023
Move your mouse curser on the title to view the abstract of the paper
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S.No. |
Title |
Authors |
Pages |
Download
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| 1 |
Statistical Analysis of Selected Macroeconomic Determinants by Using ARDL Model: United State Case
This paper aims to study the relation between some selected macroeconomic determinants: Inflation consumer prices in percent, Foreign Direct Investment in Millions of Dollars, Real Disposable Personal Income Per Capita in Dollars and Dependent variable; the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United States, by applying statistical analysis to determine the long-run relationship using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model. The ARDL model was performed during 63 years from 1960 to 2022, Annual data from Federal Reserve Economic Data. The empirical findings confirmed that there is a longrun relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the selected macroeconomic determinants. The researcher concludes that there is an existence of cointegration between the variables. The error correction term is negative with an associated coefficient estimate of (-0.006800). This implies that about 0.68% of any movements into disequilibrium are corrected within one period. Moreover, given the very large t-statistic, namely (-6.626635), we can also conclude that the coefficient is highly significant with Pvalue equals (0.0000), which means that the variables have the ability to overcome the problems they suffer from, and the ability to correct structural imbalances during the long term.
Keywords: Analysis, Macroeconomic, Determinants, ARDL, and United State.
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MAYSOON A. SULTAN |
1-14 |
Details
(259)
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| 2 |
Evaluating the Obstacles Faced by Educational Managers at Secondary Level in AJ&K
The purpose of this article was to explore the obstacles faced by Educational Management at Secondary level in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. This comprehensive article delves into the intricate landscape of educational management, identifying key challenges faced by education managers and offering a set of strategic recommendations for addressing them. The article underscores the critical role of education managers in shaping the educational landscape and emphasizes the need for their active involvement in curriculum development, teacher recruitment and retention, infrastructure enhancement, and various other facets of educational administration. One of the primary challenges highlighted in the article is the disconnect between education managers and curriculum alteration. To remedy this, the article recommends the establishment of a structured system for regular curriculum reviews and updates, with collaboration between education managers and experienced educators. This approach seeks to strike a balance between innovation and adherence to disciplinary norms. Teacher recruitment and retention emerge as critical concerns, and the article suggests comprehensive strategies aimed at attracting qualified educators and creating a supportive work environment. Partnerships with universities and teacher training institutions are recommended to cultivate a pipeline of fresh talent. Infrastructure limitations, including classroom space and reading materials, are addressed through resource allocation and community partnerships. The article also advocates for embracing digital resources to overcome physical constraints, ensuring broader access to educational materials. To enhance teacher adaptability and proficiency, ongoing professional development programs are proposed, along with a continuous learning platform for educators. The article emphasizes the importance of addressing student misconduct by establishing clear discipline policies and hiring additional support staff. Teacher transfers are tackled through streamlined processes and transparent communication channels, ensuring that transfers are driven by educational needs rather than administrative factors. Extracurricular activities are prioritized, with recommendations to allocate resources and collaborate with external organizations. The integration of audio-visual aids and technology into teaching methods is underscored, with an emphasis on investments in educational technology and teacher proficiency in its use. Overall, this article offers a holistic and multi-dimensional approach to educational management, recognizing the intricate interplay between pedagogy, administration, and resources. The recommendations put forth are aimed at fostering a dynamic and effective educational environment that benefits both educators and students.
Keywords: Education, Manager, Obstacles, AJK.
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MUHAMMAD RIFAQAT, MUHAMMAD IQBAL, MUHAMMAD ISHAQ and GULFRAZ BEGUM |
15-31 |
Details
(242)
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| 3 |
Impact of Recreational and Co-Curricular Activities on Educational Growth of Student Athletes at School Level
The current study aims to examine the impact of recreational and co-curricular activities on the educational growth of student athletes in their leisure time. The study sought to analyze the educational growth of student athletes at secondary school level through recreational and co-curricular activities to look into whether, these factors influence positively on the educational growth of student athletes or not? The present study is based on survey methodology to employ a quantitative research approach. Student athletes of secondary schools of Punjab, Pakistan were the population of the present study. The samples were selected through simple random sampling technique. Survey questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. A total number of 600 students from 57 schools of six districts of Punjab were chosen as samples. The data from the survey were analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analyses using SPSS version 25 software. The findings revealed that recreational and co-curricular activities significantly predicted the variance in educational growth of student athletes. Furthermore, the statistical analysis also revealed that all variables of recreational and co-curricular activities factors established positive significant relationship with educational growth of student athletes. The implications of the study suggested that recreational and co-curricular activities play a key role in boosting up student athletes educational growth. Student athletes should be supported by their parents not only for their participation but also for their achievements. It develops a sense of harmony between students and they can acquire a positive attitude towards respecting others by different social standards, and self-control is encouraged. The seminars, community walks, public gatherings, and recreational events should be conducted to highlight the importance of student athletes’ competences in future.
Keywords: Recreational Activities, Co-curricular Activities, Educational Growth, Student Athlete, Secondary School.
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NABEEL SAFDAR, SYED ASIF IMRAN RAZA, MUHAMMAD IQBAL, MUHAMMAD MOHSIN and HAFIZ MUHAMMAD HASEEB ANWAR |
32-51 |
Details
(223)
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| 4 |
Emotion Regulation in Psychiatric Patients: An Exploratory Study
Literature at large highlights the importance of emotional regulation in normal functioning. To identify the emotional regulation strategies employed by individuals experiencing symptoms of different psychopathologies and to explore the differences across gender. Present study followed cross sectional research design. Data was collected from different psychiatry units of Lahore. A sample of 280 individuals was selected through non probability purposive sampling. Participants were divided in 3 main groups namely neurotic problems (n= 141), psychotic problems (n= 83) and substance abuse problems (n= 56) based on their reported symptoms and diagnosis. Detailed demographic form, Emotional regulation questionnaire and Brief symptom inventory were used to study the research variables. There were observed to be significant differences in use of emotional regulation strategies across 3 psychiatric groups as participants in neurotic group scored highest on reappraisal compared to those in psychotic group who scored lowest. Female participants scored high on suppression compared to male participants who scored higher on reappraisal. Individuals experiencing symptoms of less severe psychological disorders used emotional regulation based on reappraisal instead of using strategies based on emotional suppression compared to those who experience more severe psychological disorders. Men and women differed significantly in using strategies to manage their emotions.
Keywords: Emotional Regulation, Psychopathologies, Emotional Suppression, Reappraisal, Gender Differences.
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ABIA NAZIM, FAIZA ATHAR and KIRAN ISHFAQ |
52-57 |
Details
(260)
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| 5 |
Socially Responsible Consumption Examining Environmental Perception and Green Purchase Intentions at the Nexus of Price Sensitivity Moderation in Low-Income Contexts
The global pandemic has reconstructed the phenomenon of generic consumption towards health-conscious consumerism; where the consumer has refashioned their perceptual mechanisms. Socially responsible consumption is composed of the ways consumers think, perceive, feel, and act in a more sustainable and socially desirable way. In the glimpse of the significance attached to sustainable consumption, the main aim of this study is to examine the connection between environmental perception (EP) and green purchase intentions (GPI) with the role of price sensitivity (PS) as a moderator. Structural equation modeling (SEM) investigated the structural bonding between EP and GPI via Amos. The findings indicate that the EP of consumers has a significant positive impact on GPI. Moreover, PS moderates the nexus between EP and GPI. This research is an extension of the theory of planned behavior that served as a guiding tool in understanding the perceptual processes in the human mind regarding the consumption of ecologically safe products. PS as moderator revealed the cognitive responses of consumers towards disparity in prices of sustainable products. First of all, it makes a contribution to the entire literature on environmental marketing and corporate sustainability problems by improving academics' understanding of the distinctive significance of consumers' views of the environment and green purchasing intents. Second, this research looks at the effect of price sensitivity as a moderator of consumer environmental perception and green purchasing intentions. The current study's policy impact is to raise policymakers' understanding of environmentally safe consumption so that they may establish price mechanisms that are compatible with consumers' views of sustainable consumption.
Keywords: Consumer Social Responsibilities, Sustainable Marketing, Consumer Mental Health and Well-Being.
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NEELAM AKBAR, MUHAMMAD SUHAIL, MUHAMMAD TARIQ YOUSAFZAI and SHABBIR AHMAD |
58-68 |
Details
(302)
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| 6 |
Prediction of Natural Disasters by Assessing Animal Behavior Using Crowd-Sourcing
This research is based on predicting the earthquake using unusual animal behavior. Multiple researches have been carried out in predicting the quake using abnormality in animals but this research focuses on designing the mobile app “Early Alert Disaster Management System‟ that could predict earthquakes using crowdsourcing and ICT. ICT has evolved rapidly and it is still evolving, there are so many technological revolutions going on in this field. It has influenced the behavior of consumers, their daily lifestyle, marketing, and business activities. Besides smartphone technology which is growing exponentially, there is another concept known as “Crowdsourcing”, this concept has touched the sky in a very short time, and it is being adopted and used by almost all disciplines wherever there is a need to acquire data. Crowd-sourced enabled systems are modernizing the tactic for confronting hitches and allowing us to monitor and act upon almost anything, anywhere in real time. In EADMS, crowd-sourcing will be used in gathering the data. The gathered data will be analyzed and based on this analysis, certain statistics will be generated. Once the statistics meet the threshold level, different alerts will be sent to the registered users, and on the sending of the last alert, the shortest route to the safest location will also be sent to the registered user so that they can evacuate the place to be affected. Besides that, EADMS also allows its registered users to transmit messages to other people who are not registered with the system. We have used the Girls Gossip model to transmit the information so that our app can alert as many people as possible.
Keywords: Intelligent Systems, Crowd-Sourcing, ICT, Earthquake, Seismic Activity.
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MUHAMMAD ZULQARNAIN SIDDIQUI, ATIA ELAHI, KAMRAN KHAN and ABDUL JAMEEL KHAN |
69-76 |
Details
(255)
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| 7 |
Optimal Approach for Short Stature Management in Children and Adolescents
The present study introduces a methodically designed strategy for the efficient management of short stature in pediatric and adolescent populations. The methodology developed incorporates a range of elements that impact growth and presents a thorough 23-step strategy for customized intervention. The key components include accurate diagnosis, optimization of diet, approaches for activating the brain, and support for hormonal balance, among other factors. Every individual stage is fashioned with the intention of harmoniously contributing to the broader objective of attaining the highest possible stature and state of wellness. The complete approach outlined not only recognizes the complex nature of short stature but also emphasizes a dedication to providing optimal treatment and support for persons impacted by this condition. This study provides a significant framework for healthcare practitioners engaged in the field of pediatric endocrinology and the treatment of height.
Keywords: Short Stature Management, Children and Adolescents, 23-Step Strategy.
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BACHIR SALAH EDIN JUMAA |
77-82 |
Details
(480)
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| 8 |
Analyzing the Connection between Periodontal Disease and Systemic Conditions like Diabetes or Cardiovascular Diseases
This research explores the intricate associations between periodontal disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases, aiming to elucidate the potential systemic implications of oral health. A cross-sectional design involving 800 adults aged 30-65 was employed, utilizing standardized clinical parameters for periodontal assessment, blood tests for inflammatory and atherosclerosis biomarkers, and diagnostic tests for cardiovascular health. The study revealed significant associations between periodontal disease and both diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, even after adjusting for confounders. Elevated systemic inflammatory markers among individuals with periodontal disease underscored the biological plausibility of these connections. The findings emphasize the need for integrated healthcare strategies that recognize periodontal health as an independent risk factor for systemic conditions. Collaborative efforts between dental and medical professionals are crucial for comprehensive patient care and public health initiatives. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the integration of oral health into holistic healthcare approaches. Further longitudinal studies and interventional trials are recommended to refine preventive and management strategies on a broader scale.
Keywords: Periodontal Disease, Systemic Conditions, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases.
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MUHAMMAD AHMED NOOR, KASHIF ADNAN, SUFYAN, AREEBA SOHAIL and SYED MUHAMMAD HAMZA RIAZ |
83-94 |
Details
(190)
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| 9 |
Teachers Perspectives and Experiences in Integrating Global Citizenship Education into their Classroom Practice: A Qualitative Case Study
This qualitative case study explores the perceptions and experiences of teachers in integrating global citizenship education into their classroom practice. Global citizenship education has emerged as a response to the need for individuals to navigate a rapidly changing and interconnected world. However, limited research has been conducted on teachers’ perspectives and experiences in implementing global citizenship education. This study aims to fill this research gap by investigating the challenges, strategies, and outcomes associated with integrating global citizenship education. The study utilizes semi-structured interview with a teacher to gather rich and detailed data. Thematic analysis is employed to identify key themes and patterns in the data. The findings reveal the complexities and opportunities that teachers encounter in integrating global citizenship education and shed light on the strategies they employ to foster global citizenship competencies among students. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of global citizenship education and provides valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers seeking to enhance its integration and impact within educational settings. By addressing the perspectives and experiences of teachers, this research bridges the gap between theory and practice, informing future initiatives aimed at promoting global citizenship education.
Keywords: Global Citizenship Education, Teachers’ Perceptions, Classroom Practice, Integration, Qualitative Case Study.
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TAYYABA KHALID, TANZEELA UROOJ and AMNA YOUSAF |
95-107 |
Details
(257)
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| 10 |
Investigating the Relationship among Bureaucratic School Structure, Leadership Styles and School Culture at Secondary Level in Punjab
Structure of any educational system plays an important role in every successful academic institute. Bureaucratic hierarchical structure was primarily developed for industry but mostly schools are operating by using this system structure that has remained integral since century. In spite of its efficiency, this system is reluctant in accepting innovations and thus makes employees concerns regarding its effectiveness in today's global village. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship among bureaucratic educational structure, leadership styles and school culture of secondary schools of Punjab. This study followed the positivist paradigm, therefore correlation method was employed. Multi- stage random sampling techniques was used and a sample of (N=164) head teachers were selected from two districts of Punjab. Data was collected by using three instruments i.e. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), School Culture Survey (SCS) and Bureaucratic school structure survey. Study revealed the moderate positive correlation between bureaucratic school structure and leadership styles (r=.624, p=.000). Moreover, positive, strong and significant relationship was found between leadership styles and school culture (r=.823, p=.000). However, a weak positive significant relationship was explored between bureaucratic school structure and school culture (r=.495, p=.000). This study recommends a training programs and workshop for head teachers to transform the bureaucratic hierarchical structure of schools to cope up the current paradigm shift in educational sector of 21st century.
Keywords: Bureaucratic Hierarchical Structure, Leadership Styles, School Culture, Head Teacher.
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SADIA BASHIR, TAHIRA JABEEN and HINA AMIN |
108-118 |
Details
(201)
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| 11 |
Assessing Quality of Life Changes Following Cataract Surgery: A Study at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan
Cataracts occur when the lens inside the eye becomes cloudy, blocking light from reaching the retina and causing vision problems. This cloudiness results from a loss of transparency in the lens, making it dense, hazy, and less clear. While aging is the primary factor contributing to cataract formation, other causes include trauma, certain medications, or complications from surgery. Cataracts typically develop slowly over time, affecting both eyes, although they can also occur in just one eye. As cataracts progress, they can significantly impact a person's visual acuity and quality of life. The study design for this research was a Descriptive Cross-sectional study. The study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Reading Hospital MTI Peshawar. A sample size of 342 participants was determined, assuming a 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error, based on a prevalence of cataracts in Pakistan of 66.7%. Simple random sampling was employed to select participants for data collection. Among the 342 subjects, predominantly middle-aged individuals with low education levels or illiteracy were represented, with a notable proportion being unemployed. The analysis showed that individuals aged 60-70 had nearly five times higher odds of experiencing decreased quality of life, while those with primary education also exhibited higher odds. Conversely, occupations such as unskilled, skilled, business, and service roles had lower odds of decreased quality of life compared to housewives. These findings emphasize the complex influence of cataract-related issues on patients' quality of life, underscoring the need for comprehensive assessment and intervention strategies. In our study encompassing 342 participants, a pronounced gender imbalance emerged, with males constituting two-thirds of the sample while females comprised one-third. The age spectrum was notably varied, with the majority falling below 60 years old. Regarding educational attainment, a wide-ranging distribution was observed, with more than half of the participants lacking formal education. Among the professional affiliations, housewives emerged as the most prevalent category. Post-operative evaluations unveiled significant enhancements in visual impairments, with considerable drops in scores noted. Notably, visual acuity showed marked improvement post-operatively, with 48% achieving 20/30 vision and 38.5% attaining 20/20 or 6/6 vision.
Keywords: Quality of Life, Care, Surgery, Cataract, Treatment.
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MUHAMMAD NAEEM, AMIN ULLAH and IBRAHIM KHAN |
119-128 |
Details
(344)
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