This paper critically analyses a student’s reflections on their experience in the “Becoming a Reflective Practitioner” course. The analysis explores the course's transformative nature, the instructor's role, the value of reflection in professional development, and the need for incorporating reflective courses in teaching-related fields. Through the student’s reflection, it becomes evident that the course profoundly impacted her personal and professional growth. The role of the instructor emerged as a significant factor in creating an engaging and impactful learning environment. The student’s reflections also emphasized the value of reflection in professional development and highlighted the importance of incorporating reflective courses in teacher education programs. The findings of this analysis contribute to the existing body of knowledge on reflective teaching and advocate for integrating reflection into teaching philosophies and behaviors. This paper encourages further research and implementation of reflective practices in teaching-related fields, ultimately aiming to enhance the quality of education and foster continuous learning and growth among educators.

Keywords: Reflective Teaching, Gibbs' Reflective Cycle, Autoethnography, Professional Development, Teacher Education.

The COVID-19 pandemic created the perfect storm for expression of psychiatric symptoms across the world. The current study sought to examine the specific impact of the pandemic via the pathways of stress and coronavirus anxiety on psychiatric symptoms in a Pakistani sample. As expected, women reported significantly more symptoms of depression, anxiety and somatization than men. After controlling for age, gender, and socioeconomic status, it was found that perceived stress and coronavirus anxiety were strong predictors of psychiatric symptoms. This study highlights that women in Pakistan may be at greater risk for psychiatric symptoms during stressful periods, perhaps due to common gender issues across cultures, but also the specific situation for women in Pakistan. The specific impact of the pandemic on psychiatric symptoms through the route of stress and anxiety towards the illness caused by coronavirus is also highlighted by this research. Implications include planning for psychological care for future stressful situations, as well as increasing awareness and availability of psychiatric care for women in Pakistan.

Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus Anxiety, Depression, Anxiety, Somatization, Perceived Stress, Pakistan, Gender Differences.

Because of the proliferation of cross-border trade and supply chains brought about by globalization, the researcher felt compelled to write legislation to address the problems caused by fraud in business dealings. But by giving governments recommendations for how to pass their own legislation, the WTO is actively working to combat supply chain fraud. A lack of an efficient legislative framework to deal with commercial frauds in the international supply chain persists, despite Pakistan's efforts to address the issue through legislative reforms and in accordance with WTO norms. Consequently, this research draws attention to supply chain disputes and analyses why current national mechanisms to settle these disputes aren't working by evaluating current legislation through the perspectives of ITL and IL. Within this framework, this research draws attention to the most pressing concerns and makes recommendations for how current legislation may be improved. According to this research, Pakistan's current legislative framework needs updating so that a proper system and structure may be put in place to detect supply chain and international trade fraud.

Keywords: World Trade Organization, Trade Policy, International Trade Law, International Supply Chain, Human Resource, Statistical Economic Approach.

Oral precancerous lesions, such as leukoplakia and erythroplakia, represent a significant health concern due to their potential for malignant transformation. This research explores the efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) as a non-invasive treatment modality in the management of these lesions. A diverse sample of 100 participants was subjected to standardized PDT protocols, with data collected to assess lesion size reduction, patient-reported outcomes, and recurrence rates during a 2-year follow-up period. The findings reveal a highly statistically significant reduction in lesion size following PDT (average reduction of 70.6%), highlighting its potential to target and eliminate these lesions effectively. Moreover, patients reported significant pain relief and a marked improvement in their quality of life, emphasizing the holistic benefits of PDT. Notably, the low recurrence rate of 8% observed suggests that PDT may inhibit the progression of precancerous lesions to malignancy. These results position PDT as a valuable and patient-centered treatment option for oral precancerous lesions. The observed immediate increase in inflammation levels post-PDT underscores the need for future research to understand the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, this study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting PDT as a promising approach in the management of oral precancerous lesions, offering both physical and patient-centered benefits while reducing the risk of recurrence.

Keywords: Therapy, Oral, Management, PDT.

This study aimed to assess the level of perceived stress, internalized stigma, and coping styles among caregivers of patients diagnosed with psychiatric illness. A total of 160 adult participants from eight hospitals in Lahore were selected via convenience sampling. Following informed consent, participants were asked to fill a questionnaire consisting of the Urdu versions of the Internalized Stigma Scale (Ritsher et al., 2003), Coping Styles Scale (Zaman, 2015), and Perceived Stress Scale (Chan, 2013). Regression analysis was employed to predict the impact of internalized stigma and problem-focused coping styles on perceived stress among caregivers of psychiatric patients. The results indicated moderate levels of perceived stress and a significant positive relationship between stigma and stress, as well as a negative relationship between problem-focused coping styles and perceived stress. These results indicate an unrecognized need among caregivers of those with psychiatric illness.

Keywords: Internalized Stigma, Coping Styles, Perceived Stress, Psychiatric Illness, Mental Health, Patients, Diagnosed, Caregivers, and Family Members.

Classroom environment is the most powerful indicator, plays vital role for enhancing students’ learning. The purpose of this study was to identify classrooms environmental factors and its effects on students’ achievement and suggest ways for improving students’ learning at secondary level. The population of the study comprised on all 9633 (5497M+4138 F) secondary school teachers and students all students 590340 (182853 M+145060 F) studying in 468 (269 M+ 199F) Govt. High Schools (Boys & girls) both from urban and rural areas of Sahiwal, Okara and Pakpattan districts of Sahiwaldivision,Punjab province, Pakistan. The sample of this study was comprised on 288 (108 teachers +180 students), selected through simple random sampling technique at the rate of 20 % of total population from 36 (24 +12) Govt. Boys High Schools of Okara and Pakpattan districts (3 teachers and 5 students from each school). The study was descriptive type; a self-developed questionnaire based on 5- point Likert scale was used for collection of desired information from respondents of the sampled schools, which was organized, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using suitable statistical tools like frequency scores and percentages in the light of objectives of the study. The findings of study revealed that class room environment has positive impact for uplifting students’ learning. It was further found from results of the study that classroom environmental factors like seating arrangements, lesson planning, A.V. aids, time management, advanced innovative ICT related teaching material, communications skills, teacher training, teachers’ positive attitude, motivation, effective teaching strategies are the main factors has direct impacts on students’ learning. It was recommended that in order to improve students’ learning at secondary level, school managing authorities may kindly provide maximum necessary physical and instructional facilities including advanced ICT innovative technological material to teachers in classrooms.

Keywords: Classroom Environment, Teachers’ Job Satisfaction, Motivation, Professional Development of Teachers, Students’ Learning.

This study unveiled a significant relationship between the fluctuations in the mean central pressure (MCP) intensity and its east-west movements within the Subtropical Indian Ocean, elucidating the fluctuations in average monthly rainfall across synchronized districts in Tasmania during March-May from 1951 to 2017. The MCP intensity and its longitudinal shifts demonstrated an inverse correlation with the monthly average rainfall across these coherent districts. Notably, the MCP intensity and its longitudinal positions exhibited a stronger correlation compared to other climatic variables in the study, with the exception of March, where intensity lacked direct correlation but its position reflected its impact. Our findings revealed a rising trend in MCP intensity from March to May, primarily concentrated along Tasmania's west coast, resulting in a decline in autumnal (March-May) average rainfall across Tasmania, Australia, throughout the 1951-2017 period.

Keywords: Indian Ocean Subtropical High Pressure, Intensity, Variability, Mean Central Pressure Coherent Rainfall Districts, Climate Variables, Inverse Association, Correlation.

The aim of this study is to map the studies on servant leadership and burnout through bibliometric analysis. The unit of analysis is based on the bibliometric data of articles scanned in the Web of Science database and published in the last five years (2019-2023). Considering the WOS index type related to servant leadership and burnout variables, it is noticed that 602 of the total 1001 publications are indexed in SSCI, 307 are indexed in ESCI and 115 are indexed in SCI-EXPANDED. When the publication years of the studies are analysed, it is found that the most publications are in 2022 (256 publications), 2021 (221 publications) and 2023 (203 publications). The authors with the most publications are Liden, Robert C. (12), Eva, Nathan (10) and Van Dierendonck, Dirk (10) while the most cited authors are Eva, Nathan (757), Aboramadan, Mohammed (695) and Sendjaya, Sen (587). In terms of research fields, it is found that management (423), business (177), hospitality leisure sport tourism (115) are the fields where the most publications are conducted. In terms of the distribution of publications according to countries, 237 have been published in the USA, 219 have been published in China, and 102 have been published in Pakistan. The most frequently used keywords in the studies related to the concepts of servant leadership and burnout and the relationship between these concepts are leadership and work engagement.

Keywords: Servant Leadership, Burnout, Leadership, Work Engagement, Bibliometric Analysis.

In literature, the beginning of adulthood is likely the most ambiguous life transition. There is no universally recognized marker that indicates the onset of adulthood. The current research aimed to study the conception of adulthood in a Pakistani cultural context. A qualitative research design was used in order to get detailed information related to markers of adulthood indigenously. A sample of ten emerging adults with the age range of 18-25 years was selected. Semi-structured interview was used to collect qualitative data. Each participant was interviewed individually. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Under the overarching theme of markers of adulthood five themes were emerged i.e., biological transition, norm compliance, independence, relational maturity and role transition. The findings offered evidence that culture has an impact on conception of adulthood. Pakistan's unique cultural and social factors were discussed as possible reasons for the distinctive findings.

Keywords: Conception of Adulthood, Emerging Adulthood, Pakistani Culture.

Environmental degradation induced by buyers' unsustainable buying habits strains ecosystems and impedes economically viable development. A possible approach for mitigating this effect and promoting a more sustainable economy is to minimize or transfer consumption from ordinary to sustainable items. To rationalize the significance of green consumption; the core purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between Environmental motivation (EM) and green purchase intentions (GPI) with the role of Price Sensitivity (PS) as moderating variable. AMOS was recruited to scrutinize the structural nexus between EM and GPI; with the role of PS as a moderating variable. The findings of the study revealed a significant and positive relationship between EM and GPI. Moreover, the PS positively moderated the connection between EM and GPI. The current research relied on the footings of the theory of planned behavior; which serves as a guiding mechanism in realizing the significance of consumers' motivations and cognitive antecedents in consumption habits. PS as a moderating variable regressed considerable impact that can shape their motivational concerns in buying green products. This research adds to the knowledge of sustainable green marketing literature by indulging into factors that trigger the consumer's attitudinal responses toward ecologically sound products. The policy consequence of this research lies in the fact that policymakers will become more aware of sustainable consumption, allowing them to create price systems compatible with consumers' sustainability views.

Keywords: Environmental Motivation, AMOS, Structural Equation Modeling.