The present study explores the Neo Imperialistic analysis of Lord Jim by Conrad who is regarded as the central figure in the genre of post-colonial novels. It is an avatar of different strategies of Neo Imperialism which is indebted to an idea instead of the myth of tyranny and suppression. The study further investigates the seeds of the economic-oriented Neo Imperialism under the perspective of the theory of Neo Imperialism propounded by Lenin (1870) and Hobson (1902). The undercurrents of Neo Imperialism are analyzed through the characters, socio-economic, and geographical background of the novel. The proposed study is qualitative in nature in which Intertextuality is used as a tool to explore the text of the novel. Content analysis is conducted as it is a flexible method to analyze, describe and interpret a text. To achieve research objectives only Lord Jim (1900) is taken into consideration from Conrad's novels. This paper proves that Conrad wrote this novel to analyze seeds of Neo Imperialism. Selected passages from the novel are taken and analyzed. Every postcolonial text is significant for the colonized people. Finally, this study will contribute a lot to the growing strategies of reading Neo Imperialism in the present age. It will, therefore, give a new insight to the readers to explore the effects of Neo Imperialism on the economy of native people.

Keywords: Neo Imperialism, Marxism, Ship-industry, Finance, Administration.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of procedural justice and its effects on job performance. Perceived organizational support was taken as moderating between procedural justice, affective organizational commitment and work engagement. Affective organizational commitment and work engagement was mediating between procedural justice and job performance. For this study, a crosssectional research design was adopted. 200 sample have taken from Khyber teaching hospital in Pakistan and answered a self-administrated questionnaire. SPSS was used to examine data. Data were examined using regression and correlation analysis. According to the findings, procedural justice has a big impact on how well people do their jobs. However, the major association between procedural fairness and job performance was not moderated by affective organizational commitment or work engagement. The association between procedural justice and its effects on organizational commitment and job engagement was moderated by perceived organizational support. Hospital employees’ performance can improve through perceived organizational support. This study confirmed that 72% indirect effect transmitted through procedural justice. To ensure quality health care, work engagement remains important for job performance.

Keywords: Procedural justice, Perceived Organizational Support, Work Engagement, Job Performance.

The major objectives of the study were to identify teachers’ Conflict Management Styles (CMS) at the elementary school level; to compare male/female schoolteachers' CMS at the elementary level. To achieve the objectives a null hypothesis” there is no significant difference between male and female schoolteachers CMS at the elementary level” was tested. Survey research was conducted. The research population included all elementary school teachers of district Haripur. To recruit 200 elementary school teachers, 100 males, and 100 females—stratified random sampling procedures were used. A five-point Likert scale (questionnaire) consisting of 40 statements was utilized to obtain information from respondents. Following a pilot survey, the questionnaire was verified using judgmental validation. Its reliability coefficient was 0.91. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS. The majority of teachers responded that they used the accommodating CMS, while the minimum number of teachers responded that they used the avoidant CMS. However, a few teachers did not use these strategies during their duties in school. In addition, the CMS of male schoolteachers was found better than that of female schoolteachers. It was recommended that the teachers might employ avoiding, dominating, accommodating, compromising, and collaborating CMS for promoting a good working environment in the schools and improving school performance. To enhance conflict resolution strategies, proper training is needed for elementary school teachers to assist the management in overcoming the disparity between male and female teachers and resolve the conflicts among students.

Keywords: Gender Disparity, Avoiding, Dominating, Accommodating, Compromising, and Collaborating Conflict Management Styles.

Neglect among adolescents might be a key reason behind various issues faced by them that even tend to persist in their adulthood. The study aimed to uncover the predictors of neglect among adolescents (ages 13-18 years) living in the urban area of Lahore, Pakistan. A purposive sample of 207 adolescents studying in public and private schools (classes 8 - 10) and colleges (classes 11- 12) of Lahore, screened for neglect, using the ‘Neglect Scale for Adolescents’ was included in the study. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to establish predictors of neglect. The results showed that qualification of mothers, socio economic status and age of the adolescents were found to be the predictors of neglect in this study.

Keywords: Neglect, Adolescents, Demographic Variables, Predictors.

Interpretation of law and dispensation of justice is the primary duty of all the courts. The courts are empowered to deal with the acts or omissions that tend to hinder their primary duties. The purpose of giving such power is to ensure that by any covert or overt act of any person or party, the courts must not be restricted to perform their basic functions. The Superior Courts of Pakistan are empowered under Article 204 of the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 read with Section 3 of the Contempt of Court Ordinance, 2003 (IV of 2003) to deal with contempt cases whereas subordinate courts are empowered to punish for the breach or disobedience of any order granting interim injunction under Section 94 and Order XXXIX, Rule 2 (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. Although, Contempt of Court Ordinance, 2003 is a special legislation dealing with the powers of the superior courts in contempt cases but even if it is presumed that there is no special legislation dealing with such eventuality, the superior courts are still empowered by Article 204 of the Constitution to deal with contempt matters. Thus, superior courts are not much dependent on any sub-constitutional or special legislation and they cannot be divested of their powers which have otherwise been granted to them by the Constitution. This special law has further subdivided the contempt of court into civil, criminal or judicial contempts or contempt on the face of the court. As regards nature, contempt proceedings are quasi-criminal in nature whereas the matter once initiated is always considered as between the court and the contemnor and it is for the court to determine whether in any particular case, the offence has actually been committed or not. In this regard, even the constitutional immunities would not serve any purpose and mere tender of apology would not wipe off the gravity of the offence. Thus, for an apology to be accepted by the court, it must be offered unconditionally and at the earliest stage. At the same time, the power of contempt must be exercised by courts with utmost care while putting extreme restraint and not as a device for their self-aggrandizement.

Keywords: Contempt of Court, Contempt Jurisdiction, Contempt Cases, Contempt Law, Contempt Limitations, Nature of Contempt, Pakistan.

The study was designed to analysis the quality education in the colleges of district Bahawalpur. The study was related to current phenomena so descriptive method by following quantitative research design was used in this research. All the public and private colleges of district Bahawalpur was the population. Simple random sampling technique was used to select sample. Total sample size was 260 teachers from public and 248 teachers from private institutions. A questionnaire for teachers was developed as a tool to collect data. Collected data was put into SPSS v 23 for analysis. Statistical techniques i-e mean, chi-square test was used to draw conclusions. Major conclusions of the study were, overall quality education of public colleges was found good as compared to private colleges. Public colleges were working well as compared to private colleges of Bahawalpur. There was found more academically and professionally qualified teaching staff in public colleges as compared to private colleges. There was no significant relationship between public and private college about quality of management. There was no significant relationship between public and private college about quality of teaching staff. Followings were the recommendations; private institutions must hire highly qualified teachers; private institutions must increase the teaching staff according to their need. It must be compulsory for principal of private college to get induction training. Teachers of public and private institutions should employ creative teaching and learning aids.

Keywords: Quality Education, Public Colleges, Private colleges, Quality Education in Public Colleges, Quality Education in Private Colleges.

This study discusses the upgradation, effectiveness, impact and scope of higher educational fields in relation to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The project will not only help in economic gains and social development for both the countries but will also be a key towards long awaited educational developments to remain in step with rest of the educational systems of the developing world. While working on poverty alleviation the study also touches upon the SDGs thereby creating a room for job market opportunity. The study is done in qualitative paradigm research design using interview method and collecting data through secondary means. Thematic analysis with the help of Nvivo12 was done. Amongst the major findings were enormous employment prospects for the general public of Pakistan as well as for whole of the Asian countries, fundamental idea of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and provision of competent workers for these Zones along with destiny of our young generation. It also flourishes the idea of attachment of Groups of educational institutes based on the proximity with SEZs in Pakistan. This study also highlighted the need for reforms in our present education system, our planning and preparation and policies making in relation to educational prospects of CPEC in Pakistan. For bilateral development and economic gains, including coming up to the expectations of both the countries this study proposes an organization for planning and controlling of educational related tasks in relation to CPEC. This research can beacon the way for both the countries‟ academia with an insight of cultural understanding depending upon social implications.

Keywords: CPEC, Pakistan‟s Economic Development, Educational Planning.

The café sector in Islamabad has seen significant expansion during the previous 10 to 15 years. Increasing brand loyalty and brand equity is necessary for today's highly competitive environment, and this may be done by providing better services (empathy, assurance, reliability, responsiveness, and tangibility). The café sector has been exceptionally fortunate in becoming flourishing and lucrative thanks to investments made in this quality of service of coffee shops. The goal of this research is to investigate the link between the effects of service quality on brand equity while also determining the relationship between the dimensions of service quality and brand loyalty. To boost the worth of the café business, which is generated from consumer perception of the brand this study aims to determine how improvement in quality of service improves the customer's dedication to buying the product, to keep utilizing the same brand, or to do both. Through structured questionnaires, data for the current research study was collected from café patrons in Islamabad. 300 customers of coffee shops responded. The Islamabad café business in particular was chosen because of the city's recent boom in this sector. The correlation and multiple regression models were used to analyze the data. The results demonstrate a significant positive relationship between brand equity and brand loyalty with all service quality aspects.

Keywords: Brand Loyalty, Brand Equity, Service Quality, Cafés.

The study undertaken was analysis the perceptions of head teachers about professional level of teachers for quality improvement in degree colleges of Punjab. Quality has attained paramount importance in 21th century. A quality higher education system is essential to the successful development and functioning of an open and democratic. It was quantitative study the nature of the study was descriptive and survey type. All principals of degree colleges in government degree colleges of Punjab was population of the study. From the above mentioned population, the sample of the study was selected at three stages. At first stage, 09 districts out of all 36 districts of Punjab were selected randomly. At the second stage, one male degree college and one female degree college from each district, total 18 colleges (09 male +09 female) were selected as sample of the study. At the third stage, one principal of each sample was systematically selected from each college. Strata sampling technique was used in the selection of the sample. Self-made questionnaires were used heads of the institutes. Validity of the research tools were ensured through expert opinions while the reliability of the questionnaires for this study were determined through the Cronbach Alpha. The questionnaires were administered through prepaid postage and e-mail to the respective respondents but where applicable these were handed over to the respondents personally and through friends. The male respondents were also reminded through telephone calls. Data was cleaned and codified before undertaking its statistical analysis with the help of SPSS. Statistical tools including mean, standard deviation and t-test was used for this purpose.

Keywords: Perceptions, Principals, Professional Level, Quality Improvement.

Engine lubricants play a vital role in ensuring smooth and reliable operation of internal combustion engine, primarily preventing corrosion, and reducing the risk of damage, keeping the engine cool by dissipating excessive heat, and enhancing combustion efficiency and reducing oil consumption. Now a days different nano size material additives are used for improving the lubricant's thermophysical properties. The purpose of this research is to improve tribological properties of the engine oil by adding different nanoparticle (cerium oxide, cerium doped, copper, copper doped, and chromium doped) to a base oil SAE 20W50 and evaluate and compare the enhancement in the properties. Three different concentrations: 0.1 w/w % 0.3 w/w % and 0.5 w/w % of each non-dopped and 0.1 w/w % for doped nanoparticle is taken and dispersed in base oil. Four different properties viscosity index, flash point, fire point and pour point are measured before and after engine operation. Upon the obtained result there is almost a linear relation between properties and concentration, most properties are improved by increasing the concentration of nanoparticle. Among all the properties the change in pour point have the highest which are 150 % with respect to base oil also the maximum viscosity index improve by 35 % and the maximum flash point and fire point are improve by 48 % and 25 % respectively. Among the entire nanoparticle almost all the doped particles show the maximum percent change at low concentration.

Keywords: Engine Oil, Nanoparticle, Cerium Oxide, Tribological Properties, Viscosity Index, Fire Point.

This research focuses on the development and analysis of a mathematical model for a half vehicle suspension system. The model incorporates a six degree of freedom system, including the heave motion of wheels, car body, and seats with a seated passenger, as well as the pitch motion of the car body. The effect of road disturbances on the seat and the resulting impact on the passenger are also considered. Using Newton's second law of motion, the characteristic equation of the system is derived, and a Simulink model is constructed based on the derived equations. The model is then tested under two different scenarios: a low residential speed limit of 20 km/hr and a highway speed limit of 80 km/hr. Various characteristics such as settling time, rise time, and percent overshoot are observed and compared. It is found that when the speed of the vehicle increases, such as when passing over speed bumps or encountering road disturbances, the settling time and percent overshoot for all components of the vehicle (wheels, chassis, and seat) also increase. This can lead to riding discomfort, road accidents, and adverse effects on the vehicle's health, including permanent damage and deformation of the shock absorber system. To address these issues, an analysis of both active and passive suspension systems is conducted. The research demonstrates significant improvements when an active system is controlled with a PID controller. By optimizing the system parameters, such as decreasing the proportional gain for higher speeds, the settling time and percent overshoot can be effectively reduced, mitigating riding discomfort and enhancing overall system performance.

Keywords: Half Car Model, Active Suspension System, PID Controller, Ziegler Nichols Method.

This study explores the indigenous justice systems of Jirga and Panchayat, examining their similarities, differences, and their implications for justice delivery in their respective communities. The objective of this research is to shed light on the functioning, structure, and effectiveness of the Jirga and Panchayat systems, and to compare and contrast their key features, including their composition, decision-making processes, enforcement mechanisms, and adherence to human rights standards. By conducting a comparative analysis of these two indigenous justice systems, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of their strengths, weaknesses, and potential for reform. The research methodology includes an extensive review of existing literature, scholarly articles, and reports related to Jirga and Panchayat systems, as well as primary data collection through interviews with community members, elders, legal practitioners, and human rights advocates who have experience with or insights into these systems. The data will be analyzed qualitatively to identify patterns, trends, and areas of divergence between the Jirga and Panchayat systems. The findings of this study will provide a comprehensive analysis of the strengths and limitations of the Jirga and Panchayat systems, and their compatibility with international human rights standards and principles of justice. Furthermore, the research aims to identify potential areas for reform and improvement in these indigenous justice systems, while considering their cultural significance and community acceptance. The findings will serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, legal practitioners, and scholars interested in understanding and engaging with indigenous justice systems and their implications for justice, human rights, and social cohesion.

Keywords: Indigenous Justice System, Jirga, Panchayat, Traditional Dispute Resolution, Indigenous Governance.

Internet of Things (IoT) along with smart processing devices used to provide edge computing environment supports several daily life applications including smart healthcare, city traffic management, automated cars, and smart power grids for efficient supply of electricity. These applications usually process the data using cloud computing resources that increases application latency. Application execution on the Edge computing environment allows to perform application processing inside the edge network hence reducing the latency and increasing the utilization of local and available computing machines. This also helps to avoid heavy infrastructure cost or renting out the cloud resources. The problem of processing big size data and computational oriented applications can be resolved by combining the resources of devices inside the edge network executing resource intensive task. The traditional clustering methods are centralized have overhead of creating and maintaining the cluster. For this paper a decentralized grouping of edge nodes is provided that groups devices on arrival using an organizer node who have some high end job, and handle the execution in parallel on group devices by distributing the tasks to them. The proposed method reduces traffic amount communicated to cloud and allow application processing in the edge network resulting in reduction of latency as well as the cost in terms of the infrastructure. The decentralized group formation proposed here along with task partitioning works in the edge computing as the results are provided for this. Detailed results ensure reducing overall latency, limiting bandwidth and use of local resources hence this results in saving the economic cost.

Keywords: Computing, IOT, Processing, Effect, Application.